When a diver descends, the surrounding pressure increases in a predictable fashion: each foot of seawater causes ambient pressure to increase by 0.445 psi. From Dalton’s law it is understood that when pressure on a gas volume increases, the partial pressure of all component gases also increases. Though the decimal equivalents do not increase, the […]
Gas Absorption and Henry’s Law Read More »
Converting Absolute Pressure to DepthIf a diver knows the absolute pressure in atmospheres absolute (ata), expressing absolute pressure as a depth value is relatively straightforward. Since absolute pressure includes the pressure of the atmosphere (1 atmosphere or atm), this can be subtracted from the absolute pressure, leaving the portion of the pressure that is related
Pressure and Depth Read More »
An understanding of basic diving physics is necessary to grasp the concepts of why nitrox diving differs from diving with compressed air. Nitrox divers should have a good understanding of pressure and its relationship to depth, and also to the physiological effects of pressure on gases.
Review of Basic Diving Physics Read More »
In the late 1970s the Defense and Civil Institute of Environmental Medicine of Canada created a semi-closed rebreather that used nitrox and automatically adjusted the oxygen percentage as the diver changed depth to keep the partial pressure of oxygen constant. This technology is employed in many rebreathers today. In 1978 the National Oceanic and Atmospheric
Brief History of Nitrox Read More »
This manual addresses the kinds of diving conducted by recreational, scientific and public safety divers. It does not cover issues related to more technical and military modes of diving such as deep diving, cave diving, shipwreck penetration, or the use of rebreathers. In many of these diving modes divers must follow planned decompression schedules, a
Nitrox, or enriched air nitrox, is any gas mixture composed of nitrogen and oxygen. Because the atmosphere of the Earth is mostly nitrogen 78.08% (rounded to 79%) and oxygen 20.95% (rounded to 21%) at sea level it is fair to say that all divers have been breathing nitrox mixtures our entire lives. Although the mixtures
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